Meet Dr. Marcus Hartmann
Dr. Marcus Hartmann has spent over two decades at the intersection of financial law and emerging technology. Based in Zug, Switzerland's Crypto Valley, he has guided exchanges, custodians, and institutional investors through both fresh VASP and CASP licence applications and the acquisition of existing, pre-licensed entities.
He has led the legal and AML due diligence on shelf and ready-made crypto companies and managed change-of-control filings with regulators across the EU, the UK, the Gulf, and Asia, advising clients across more than 60 jurisdictions on whether to buy or build.
A ready-made crypto license means buying the shares of an existing company that already holds a crypto registration or authorisation, rather than applying yourself. The benefit is speed. The catch is that the regulator must still approve you as the new owner through a change-of-control and fit-and-proper review, and you inherit the company's full history and liabilities.
- A ready-made, shelf, or pre-licensed crypto company is an existing entity sold with a registration or authorisation already in place
- You cannot buy a licence on its own; licences are usually non-transferable, so you buy the company and the regulator approves the new controllers
- It is not a shortcut around vetting: under MiCA Article 84 and rules like the UK FCA regime, new owners face a fit-and-proper change-of-control assessment
- The biggest risks are hidden liabilities, an undisclosed AML or supervisory history, and a legacy registration that is not a full MiCA authorisation
- Rigorous legal, financial, and AML due diligence, plus a pre-cleared change-of-control filing, is the difference between a sound deal and a costly trap
What a Ready-Made Crypto License Actually Is
A ready-made crypto license is shorthand for an existing company that already holds a crypto registration or authorisation and is offered for sale. You will also see it called a shelf company, a pre-licensed company, or simply a crypto company for sale. The appeal is straightforward: instead of building an entity and steering a fresh application through a regulator, you acquire something that has, in theory, already done the hard part.
The crucial nuance, often lost in the marketing, is that you are not buying a licence as a free-floating asset. In most credible jurisdictions a crypto authorisation is tied to a specific legal entity and is non-transferable. In Estonia, for example, crypto licences are indefinite but non-transferable and the company must keep its registered office in the country. So what actually changes hands is the company, through a transfer of its shares, with the licence attached to it. Our broader walk-through of how to get a crypto license sets out the from-scratch route this is meant to shortcut.
That distinction matters because the moment ownership of a licensed entity changes, the regulator's interest is triggered. Acquiring control is not a private commercial transaction the authority ignores. It is a regulated event in its own right, with its own approval process, which is where the real complexity of the ready-made route begins.
Sources: MiCA Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 Articles 83 and 84; UK FCA change in control regime (effective 11 August 2022); Estonian Ministry of Finance guidance on virtual asset licensing.
Why It Is Not a Shortcut Around Vetting
The single most damaging misconception about ready-made crypto companies is that they let a buyer sidestep the regulator's scrutiny. They do not. When you acquire control of a licensed entity, the authority re-examines you, the new owner, with much the same rigour it would apply to a fresh applicant. The licence may already exist, but the question of whether you are fit to hold it is reopened from scratch.
Under MiCA, this is formalised through the qualifying holding regime. A qualifying holding is a stake of 10 percent or more of the voting share capital or voting rights of a crypto-asset service provider, or a smaller holding that confers significant influence. A non-objection from the competent authority is required when an acquisition reaches or crosses the 20, 30, or 50 percent levels, or otherwise results in control. The authority then assesses the proposed acquirer's reputation and financial soundness under MiCA Article 84, supported by detailed information requirements set out in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/414.
The pattern repeats outside the EU. In the United Kingdom, since 11 August 2022 a person acquiring control of an FCA-registered cryptoasset business must obtain prior FCA approval, and proceeding without it where approval is required is a criminal offence. The FCA uses the moment to run a fit-and-proper assessment of the proposed controller and can object to the deal. Globally, the FATF standards expect regulators to apply suitability criteria to the beneficial owners and senior management of a VASP, which is exactly what a change of ownership puts back on the table.
The Genuine Benefits
None of this means a ready-made company is a bad idea. When the entity is genuinely clean and the buyer is pre-cleared by the regulator, the route delivers real, defensible advantages. The headline benefit is speed to market. A fresh authorisation can take many months of application drafting, regulator questions, and iteration. Acquiring an entity that has already completed incorporation, initial registration, and policy build-out can compress that timeline materially.
Beyond speed, a well-run target may bring an operating history, established banking relationships, trained staff, and tested compliance infrastructure. In a sector where banks routinely de-risk crypto firms, an existing and unblemished bank relationship can be worth as much as the licence itself. There can also be commercial value in continuity: existing contracts, a customer base, and brand presence that a brand-new shell simply does not have.
The decisive word in all of this is clean. Every benefit listed here depends on the entity being free of inherited problems, which is the subject of the next section. Where a target is genuinely sound, our ready-made crypto company service and the wider ready-made companies practice exist precisely to capture these benefits without importing the risks.
"Clients come to us asking to 'just buy a licence' to save six months. My first answer is always the same: you are not buying a licence, you are buying a company and its entire past, and the regulator still has to clear you as the new owner. A clean ready-made entity can be excellent value. A cheap one with a hidden AML history is the most expensive mistake a founder can make."
Dr. Marcus Hartmann, Senior Licensing Advisor
The Risks Founders Underestimate
The risks of a ready-made crypto company flow from one simple fact: when you buy the entity, you buy its whole history. Liabilities do not reset on a change of owner. The most serious exposures are an undisclosed AML or compliance history, including prior suspicious activity reports, supervisory findings, sanctions touchpoints, or a customer base that will not survive a fresh review. These are precisely the issues that do not appear in a sales listing.
Financial and legal liabilities transfer with the company too: unpaid tax, debts, dormant contracts, employment claims, and pending or threatened litigation. There is also an authorisation-status risk that has become sharper in 2026. A legacy national registration is not automatically a full MiCA CASP authorisation, and many transitional regimes ended around the middle of 2026. An entity that has not completed re-authorisation may not lawfully provide services, which can hollow out the very asset you paid for. Build the right AML and KYC framework from the start with our AML and KYC compliance service so inherited gaps are found and fixed rather than discovered by a regulator.
Finally, there is approval risk. The change-of-control filing can be rejected, delayed, or conditioned. If the new controllers fail the fit-and-proper test, if disclosures prove inaccurate, or if the entity falls short of current requirements, the regulator can object, attach conditions, or move to withdraw the authorisation. The speed advantage you bought can evaporate, and banking partners may de-risk a re-owned shell regardless of formal approval.
The bottom line on risk: a ready-made crypto company is only as good as its history and the buyer's eligibility. Treat every claim about a candidate entity as unverified until independent legal, financial, and AML due diligence proves otherwise, and never let funds move before the regulator has indicated it will approve the change of control.
Considering a ready-made crypto company? Get a free 30-minute consultation. We will run an honest buy-versus-build comparison and flag the diligence red flags before you commit.
Get Free Consultation →Ready-Made vs a New Application
The choice between buying a ready-made company and filing a fresh application is not about which is universally better. It is about which suits your timeline, risk appetite, and the quality of the entity actually on offer. The table below sets out the honest trade-offs across the dimensions founders care about most.
| Dimension | Ready-Made Company | New Application |
|---|---|---|
| Speed to operate | Faster if entity is clean and buyer pre-cleared | Slower; full application from zero |
| Upfront cost | Higher purchase price plus diligence | Lower headline fees, spread over time |
| Regulator approval | Still required: change-of-control / qualifying holding | Required: full authorisation assessment |
| Fit-and-proper vetting | Re-applied to new owners (MiCA Art. 84, FCA) | Applied to founders from the outset |
| Inherited liabilities | Yes: tax, debts, AML history, litigation | None; clean entity built fresh |
| Hidden-risk profile | Higher; depends on undisclosed history | Lower; fully transparent build |
| Banking continuity | Possible if existing relationship survives | Built from scratch, can take time |
Indicative trade-offs based on MiCA, UK FCA, and FATF frameworks. The right answer depends on the specific entity and jurisdiction.
The Due Diligence Process
Due diligence is what separates a sound ready-made acquisition from a disguised liability. The five-stage process below is the workflow we run before any client commits capital. Each stage is designed to surface the problems a seller has every incentive to keep quiet, and to confirm the change of control will actually be approved.
In our buy-versus-build work across more than 60 jurisdictions, the deals that go wrong almost always share one feature: the buyer fell in love with the speed pitch and skipped or rushed the AML diligence. We have walked clients away from entities that looked spotless on paper but carried a customer book that no compliant bank or regulator would have accepted, and where the inherited remediation cost dwarfed any time saved.
The deals that go right look different. The buyer treats the purchase price as the smallest line item, budgets properly for independent diligence, and conditions the whole transaction on the regulator indicating in principle that it will approve the change of control. Done that way, a clean ready-made company can genuinely accelerate a launch. Done the other way, it is simply a faster route to a regulator's objection.
Making the Right Call
A ready-made crypto license is a legitimate tool, not a magic bypass. It earns its place when three conditions hold at once: the entity is genuinely clean and fully authorised for what you intend to do, you as the new owner can comfortably pass the fit-and-proper assessment, and the total cost including diligence and any remediation still beats building from scratch. Strip away any one of those and the case weakens fast.
The honest framing is this. The licence is the easy part to transfer; your suitability and the entity's hidden history are the hard parts, and they decide whether the deal is a saving or a snare. Treat the purchase price as the least important number, insist on independent diligence, and never let the change-of-control approval be an afterthought. If you are weighing the route, our team can run the comparison and the diligence with you; get in touch for a confidential assessment of whether buying or building serves your launch better.
Ready-Made Crypto Licenses: Common Questions
Sources & Official References
- EUR-Lex: Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA), incl. Articles 83-84 on acquisition of qualifying holdings
- ESMA: Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) hub
- ESMA/EBA: Joint Guidelines on the suitability of members and shareholders with qualifying holdings (EBA/GL/2024/09)
- FATF: Updated Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach to Virtual Assets and VASPs
- White & Case: Change in control regime for cryptoasset businesses (UK FCA)
- A&O Shearman: MiCAR under the microscope - acquisition of qualifying holdings of CASPs
- Estonian Ministry of Finance: FAQ on virtual asset and crypto licensing
- Bank of Lithuania: competent authority for CASP authorisation and qualifying holdings